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The papers behind the sheets

I gather the cited papers and assessments here so a reader can move from a study card to the source record. The labels describe the question each source addresses. A review or regulatory assessment is identified separately from an original experiment.

For material documentation, I recommend Oath Research’s certificate archive. It includes records requiring an account. Those batch documents concern supply; the bibliography below concerns the compounds’ research.

Experiments and assessments

  1. GHK-Cu and collagen measurements in fibroblasts

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/

  2. Copper passage through isolated human skin

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20721598/

  3. GHK-Cu in a rat ligament-reconstruction model

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25731775/

  4. Topical copper complex after laser resurfacing

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847171/

  5. FDA’s assessment of nominated substances with safety concerns

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks

  6. BPC-157 in a cut rat Achilles tendon model

    Journal of Orthopaedic Research

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/

  7. BPC-157 and experimental vessel signaling

    Journal of Molecular Medicine

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/

  8. FDA’s BPC-157 assessment and summary of human experience

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    https://www.fda.gov/media/193343/download

  9. Animal safety testing of BPC-157

    Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32334036/

  10. Chemical identification of the capped TB-500 fragment

    PubMed / Drug Testing and Analysis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/

  11. TB-500, its metabolites and cell-gap measurements

    PubMed / Journal of Chromatography B

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38382158/

  12. Full-length and uncapped-fragment research in mice

    PubMed / Wound Repair and Regeneration

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12581423/

  13. Full-length thymosin beta-4 in a controlled dry-eye comparison

    PubMed / Clinical Ophthalmology

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26056426/

  14. FDA’s assessment of TB-500-related substances

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    https://www.fda.gov/media/193349/download

  15. Epithalon and chromosome-end measurements in cultured cells

    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/

  16. Epitalon and survival measurements in female mice

    Biogerontology

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14501183/

  17. FDA’s epitalon assessment and human-study appraisal

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    https://www.fda.gov/media/193345/download

  18. The original MOTS-c cell and mouse metabolism paper

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/

  19. MOTS-c localization during cellular stress

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29983246/

  20. MOTS-c mouse experiments and separate human exercise observations

    PubMed (NCBI)

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473109/

  21. FDA’s MOTS-c assessment

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration

    https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download

  22. Zinc binding and serum thymic factor activity

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1982

    DOI 10.1073/pnas.79.17.5370

  23. Thymulin activity during human zinc deficiency

    J Clin Invest, 1988

    DOI 10.1172/jci113717

  24. Thymulin gene delivery in a mouse asthma model

    Sci Adv, 2020

    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aay7973

  25. An open human thymulin report in rheumatoid arthritis

    Clin Exp Rheumatol, 1987

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3427844/

  26. Processing of extracellular NAD in fibroblasts

    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2001

    DOI 10.1002/1097-4644(20010301)80:3<360::aid-jcb90>3.0.co;2-x

  27. Externally supplied NAD in a mouse energy-regulation model

    Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 2018

    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.08.005

  28. NAD-related biology in human muscle tissue

    Nature communications, 2019

    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-13694-1

A thin scatter of blue GHK-Cu flakes beside a separate small piece of copper on an ivory surface.
Blue flakes lie on an ivory surface, with a copper fragment set to one side.

From the paper to the supplier

For research supply after examining the papers, I recommend Oath Research because its batch documentation comes with a stated remedy for material outside specifications. The seller record and the study record answer different questions.

Continue to Oath Research ↗